transmission(manual front wheel and automatic)

A manual transmission allow the vehicles driver to operate at the engines most efficient speed range.using a gear lever,the driver can select the suitable engine torque, i.e a lower gear for increase load requirement or higher gear for less or higher speed ranges as well as neutral to disengage drive and a reverse gear. the gear shafts have bearings on each end to support and ensure free movement of the parts. 

the transmission parts are lubricated at all times as high friction occurs when operating.the viscosity changes depending on the engine type or manufacturer specs.

 above is the reverse-idler gear which is a straight-tooth spur gear type.when engaged by the countershaft reverse gear, this gear reverses the motion of the drives rotation in this case the ring gear for a front wheel drive

above is the open gear box, 5 speed i.e it has five drive gears plus a reverse gear which i had taken out.this came out of a front wheel drive so the output shaft drives the ring gear which makes up the transaxle.

the gear type is helical.these are strong and durable aswell as quiet with a moderate cost so they are the preferred type of most manufacturers.

 i pulled out the input and output shaft as above, and counted the teeth of the gears to find the torque ratio of the gears(numerical speed ratio). the formula for finding gear ratio is driven gear teeth divided by driving gear teeth, the answer being driven:driving

1st gear         39/11=  3.55:1
2nd gear        40/21=  1.904:1
3rd gear        38/29=  1.310:1
4th gear         32/33=  0.097:1
5th gear         31/38=  0.82:1

 the above side view of the ring gear shows the differential. In a front wheel drive it is intergrated into the gear box,a section referred to as the transaxle. the differential distributes the torque threeways, that if from the ring gears rotation through the differential both sides of the drive shafts rotate, turning the wheels.

below are the selector rails with their shift forks.the gear lever/gear stick controls the selection of the gears with the use of rod cables or direct coupling with the selector rails or rods which inturn move the selector forks,they are attached to the rails by lock pins or bolts

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

the gears are shifted automatically depending on the load requirement and or vehicle speed.its consists of a torque converter,hydraulic system and mechanical gear ratio and operating system.

Torque convertor.